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Statistical significance is all about probability, so if you haven’t already done so, you might find it useful to read the ‘Matt’s maths’ article on simple probability (Psychology Review, Vol. 29, No. 3, available online if your school subscribes to the digital library).
Put simply, when we run a quantitative study, i.e. one that produces results in the form of numbers, we want to know whether any difference or relationship between variables is the result of chance factors or whether we have found a real difference/ relationship.
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