■ Edexcel Students following Edexcel’s global route require knowledge and understanding of global governance, power and developments, and debates about regionalism.
The Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 presented the most striking threat to Western security since Cold War tensions in the 1980s. However, President Putin’s invasion demonstrated not only Russia’s willingness to challenge the existing balance of power in Europe. It also highlighted the inability of Russia to defeat its much weaker neighbour, despite its vast numerical superiority and Ukraine’s flat terrain, which should have made the Russian offensive all but unstoppable. The blitzkrieg success that Putin and most Western powers anticipated quickly transformed into a bloody war of attrition.
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