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Reducing spectator violence

Various strategies can be used to combat crowd violence at football matches. The following strategies can be remembered via the first five letters of the alphabet, A–E

© Csaba Peterdi/stock.adobe.com

The Hillsborough disaster in 1989, in which a crush developed at one end of the ground during a football match in Sheffield, UK, resulted in the deaths of 97 fans. Lord Justice Taylor’s report on the inquiry into the Hillsborough disaster recommended that all grounds in the old first and second divisions of the Football League (now the Premier League and EFL Championship) should be all-seated by August 1994.

This ruling has been used to separate rival fans and create family enclosures, with the aim of changing the culture at football stadia and creating a more family-friendly atmosphere. For more information on the UK government’s all-seater policy, you can visit the Sports Grounds Safety Authority website:

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Training in the heat and dealing with muscle cramps

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