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Understanding economic data: Nominal, real and effective exchange rates

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Fiscal policy: How should we design out-of-work benefits?

Charting the rise of digital money

Emanuela Lotti and Guglielmo Volpe describe recent developments in the financial markets and the rise of digital money, highlighting the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead

© Andreas Prott/stock.adobe.com

money, financial markets and monetary policy, innovation and digital economies, market failure (volatility, instability)

We can think of money as paper currency issued by governments. This type of money is called fiat money, in contrast to commodity money. Commodity money, such as gold coins, has intrinsic value, whereas fiat money is simply a piece of paper issued by the government. It is not backed by a physical commodity like gold or silver – its value comes from government decree, or fiat.

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Previous

Understanding economic data: Nominal, real and effective exchange rates

Next

Fiscal policy: How should we design out-of-work benefits?

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