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From quantitative easing to quantitative tightening

Demand, supply and baking in the pandemic

In this article, Harry Rolls explores what happened when an unexpected increase in demand hit an industry that struggles to respond quickly and, in turn, how the public adapted. We will use this example to illustrate ideas such as market equilibrium, shifts in demand, elasticities and substitute goods

Loaf of banana bread is sliced on a chopping board.
© Nata Bene/stock.adobe.com

demand and supply, price elasticity, price determination, consumer behaviour and preferences, substitute goods

Why did banana bread become the unofficial snack of lockdown? With millions stuck indoors during the Covid-19 pandemic, home baking became one of the most popular pastimes, causing an unexpected surge in demand for flour. Before the pandemic, the flour market was relatively stable, with demand and supply in balance. In economic terms, this is called being in equilibrium, where the quantity of flour that consumers want to buy matches the amount of flour that producers are willing to sell. This equilibrium is represented in Figure 1.

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From quantitative easing to quantitative tightening

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