
Economists recognise that purely financial measures of economic development, such as gross domestic product (GDP) or gross national income (GNI) per capita, do not give a full picture of the quality of life of the citizens of a particular country. In response to this view, in 1990, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) first published its human development index (HDI).
The HDI is a composite index, meaning that it is made up of several other indices. These are:
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